equipment.widget.twistedtape module¶

equipment.widget.twistedtape.translate(context: str, sourceText: str, disambiguation: str = None, n: int = -1) → str¶

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_Manglik(Re, D, H, delta, Dh)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Manglik and Bergles correlation (1993)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal pipe diameter, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]

References

[4] Manglik, R.M., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part I - Laminar Flows. J. Heat Transfer 115(4) (1993) 881-889

[5] Manglik, R.M., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part II - Transition and Turbulent Flows. J. Heat Transfer 115(4) (1993) 890-896

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_Sarma(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Sarma et al. correlation (2005)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[15] Sarma, P.K., Kishore, P.S., Rao, V.D., Subrahnamyam, T.; A Conbined approach to predict friction coefficients and convective heat transfer characteristics in A tube with twisted tape inserts for a wide range of Re and Pr. Int. J. Therm. Sciences 44(4) (2005) 393-398

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_Chang(Re, D, H, mod='', bf=False)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using

the Chang et al. correlation (2012).

The twisted-tape have geometrical modifications:

PT: Perforated twisted tape

PJT: Perforated twisted tape with jaggedness

PST: Perforated spiky twisted tape

PJST: Perforated spicy twisted tape with jaggedness

VST: V-notched spicy twisted tape

SR: Serrated roughened

BT: Broken twisted tape

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape PT | PJT | PST | PJSJ | VST
bfboolean: In jaggedness mod flow orientation is relevant, set backward flow state

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[27] Chang, S.W., Guo, M.H.; Thermal perfomances of enhanced smooth and spiky twisted tapes for laminar and turbulent tubular flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55(25-26) (2012) 7651-7667

[28] Chang, S.W., Jan, Y.J., Liou, J.S.; Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop in tube fittedwith serrated twisted tape. Int. J. Thermal Sci. 46(5) (2007) 506-518

[29] Chang, S.W., Yang, T.L., Liou, J.S.; Heat transfer and pressure drop in tube with broken twisted tape insert. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 32(2) (2007) 489-501

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_laminar_Plessis(Re, D, H, delta, Ae, De)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Plessis and Kröger correlation (1984)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Aefloat: Effective flow area, [m²]
Defloat: Effective hydraulic diameter, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[1] du Plessis, J.P., Kröger, D.G.; Friction factor prediction for fully developed laminar twisted-tape flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 27(11) (1984) 2095-2100

Examples

Selected point from Table 2 in [1]

>>> st = TwistedTape(10, 1, 0)
>>> print("%0.3f" % f_twisted_laminar_Plessis(50, 1, 10, 0, st.Ae, st.De))
0.849

>>> print("%0.4f" % f_twisted_laminar_Plessis(2000, 1, 10, 0, st.Ae, st.De))
0.0296

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_laminar_Shah(Re, D, H, delta)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Shah and London correlation (1978)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[3] Shah, R.K., London, A.L.; Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts: A Source Book for Compact Heat Exchanger Analytical Data. Academic Press 1978

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_laminar_Agarwal(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Agarwal and Raja Rao correlation (1996).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[10] Agarwal, S.K., Raja Rao, M.; Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 39(17) (1996) 3547-3557

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_laminar_Saha(Re, D, H, delta, S)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Saha-Gaitonde-Date correlation (1989).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Sfloat: Spacer length without twisted section, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[24] Saha, S.K., Gaitonde, U.N., Date, A.W.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube Fitted with Regularly Spaced Twisted-Tape Elements. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 2(3) (1989) 310-322

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_laminar_Date(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using

the Date-Gaitonde correlation (1990).

The paper include a complex correalation for regularly spaced twisted-tape

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[25] Date, A.W., Gaitonde, U.N.; Development of Correlations for Predicting Characteristics of Laminar Flow in a Tube Fitted with Regularly Spaced Twisted-Tape Elements. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 3(4) (1990) 373-382

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Lopina(Re, D, H, Dh)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Lopina and Bergles correlation (1969). Only valid for turbulent flow with Re > 5000

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[7] Lopina, R.F., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tape-Generaged Swirl Flow of Single-Phase Water. ASME J. Heat Transfer 91(3) (1969) 434-442

[8] ; HTRI Design Manual.

Examples

B2.2.1.2.3 in [8] >>> print(“%0.2f” % f_twisted_turbulent_Lopina(24491, 0.61, 6.1, 1.07)) 0.01

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Naphon(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Naphon correlation (2006). Only valid for turbulent flow with Re > 7000

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[9] Naphon, P.; Heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal double pipes with and without twisted tape insert. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 33 (2006) 166-175

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Smithberg(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Smithberg-Landis correlation (1964). Valid for turbulent flow

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[12] Smithberg, E., Landis, F.; Friction and Forced Convection Heat-Transfer Characteristics in Tubes With Twisted Tape Swirl Generators. J. Heat Transfer. 86(1) (1964) 39-48

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Murugesan(Re, D, H, mod='', de=None, w=None)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Murugesan-Mayilsamy-Suresh correlation (2010). Valid in turbulent flow

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Twisted tape diameter, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape Nails | Square cut | V cut | Trapezoidal cut
defloat, optional: Depth of V cut, [m]
wfloat: Width of V cut, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[16] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Studies in a Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tape Consisting of Wire-nails. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 18(6) (2010) 1038-1042

[17] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tube Fitted with Square-cut Twisted Tape. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 18(4) (2010) 609-617

[18] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S., Srinivasan, P.S.S; Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a circular tube fitted with and without V-cut twisted tapeinsert. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 38(3) (2011) 329-334

[19] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer in Tubes Fitted with Trapezoidal-Cut and Plain Twisted Tape Inserts. Chem. Eng. Communications 198(7) (2011) 886-904

[20] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer in a Tube Fitted with Vertical and Horizontal Wing-cut Twisted Tapes. Exp. Heat Transfer 25(1) (2012) 30-47

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Jaisankar(Re, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Jaisankar et al. correlation (2009).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[21] Jaisankar, S., Radhakrishnan, T.;., Sheeba, K.N.; Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of forced circulation solar water heater system fitted with helical twisted tapes. Solar Energy 83(11) (2009) 1943-1952

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Eiamsaard(Re, D, H, mod='', **kw)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Eiamsa-ard et al. correlation (2010).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape CT | CoT | oDWT | sDWT | PCT | ST | WT | AWT | DST | TT | AT | PT | HPT | CCC | T-Tra | T-Rec | T_Tri | STT | TW | TWA
dWfloat: depth of wing cut, [m]
wfloat: Peripherally-cut width
Sfloat: Spacer length without twisted section, [m]
betafloat: Attack angle, [ºdeg]
tetafloat: Taper angle, [ºdeg]
lfloat: Length of alternate axis, [m]
sPfloat: Spaced-pitch length of perforated, [m]
dPfloat: Diameter of perforated, [m]
titafloat: twist angle, [ºdeg]
Swfloat: Serration width, [m]
Sdfloat: Serration depth, [m]
bWboolean: Set backward wing arrangement
wWfloat: Wing width, [m]
PWfloat: Pitch length of wing, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[30] Eiamsa-ard, S., Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, P.; Turbulent heat transfer enhancement by counter/co-swirling flow in a tube fitted with twin twisted tapes. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 34(1) (2010) 53-62

[31] Eiamsa-ard, S., Wongcharee, K., Eiamsa-ard, P., Thianpong, C.; Heat transfer enhancement in a tube using delta-winglet twisted tape inserts. Applied Thermal Eng. 30(4) (2010) 310-318

[32] Eiamsa-ard, S., Seemawute, P., Wongcharee, K.; Influences of peripherally-cut twisted tape insert on heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics in laminar and turbulent tube flows. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 34(6) (2010) 711-719

[33] Eiamsa-ard, P., Piriyarungrod, N., Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, S.; A case study on thermal performance assessment of a heat exchanger tube equipped with regularly-spaced twisted tapes as swirl generators. Case Studies Thermal Eng. 3 (2014) 86-102

[34] Eiamsa-ard, S., Wongcharee, K., Eiamsa-ard, P., Thianpong, C.; Thermohydraulic investigation of turbulent flow through a round tube equipped with twisted tapes consisting of centre wings and alternate-axes. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 34(8) (2010) 1151-1161

[35] Eiamsa-ard, S., Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, P., Promvonge, P.; Thermal characteristics in a heat exchanger tube fitted with dual twisted tape elements in tandem. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 37(1) (2010) 39-46

[38] Piriyarungrod, N., Eiamsa-ard, S., Thianpong, C., Pimsarn, M., Nanan, K.; Heat transfer enhancement by tapered twisted tape inserts. Chem. Eng. Process. 96 (2015) 62-71

[39] Eiamsa-ard, S., Somkleang, P., Nuntadusit, C., Thianpong, C.; Heat transfer enhancement in tube by inserting uniform/non-uniform twisted-tapes with alternate axes: Effect of rotated-axis length. Applied Thermal Eng. 54 (2013) 289-309

[40] Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, S., Somkleang, P.; Heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics of heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated twisted-tapes. Heat Mass Transfer 48(6) (2012) 881-892

[41] Eiamsa-ard, S., Promvonge, P.; Performance assessment in a heat exchanger tube with alternate clockwise and counter-clockwise twisted-tape inserts. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 53(7-8) (2010) 1364-1372

[42] Eiamsa-ard, S., Wongcharee, K.,; Heat transfer enhancement by twisted tapes with alternate-axes and triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal wings. Chem. Eng. Processing 50(2) (2011) 211-219

[44] Eiamsa-ard, S., Promvonge, P.; Thermal characteristics in round tube fitted with serrated twisted tape. Applied Thermal Engineering 30(13) (2010) 1673-1682

[45] Nanan, K., Thianpong, C., Promvonge, P., Eiamsa-ard, S.; Investigation of heat transfer enhancement by perforated helical twisted-tapes. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 52 (2014) 106-112

[46] Eiamsa-ard, S., Promvonge, P.; Influence of Double-sided Delta-wing Tape Insert with Alternate-axes on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Heat Exchanger Tube. Chinese J. Chem. Eng. 19(3) (2011) 410-423

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Ponnada(Re, D, H, mod='')[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Ponnada et al. correlation (2019).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape PTT | PATT

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[36] Ponnada, S., Subrahmanyam, T., Naidu, S.V.; A comparative study on the thermal performance of water in a circular tube with twisted tapes, perforated twisted tapes and perforated twisted tapes with alternate axis. Int. J. Thermal Sci. 136 (2019) 530-538

equipment.widget.twistedtape.f_twisted_turbulent_Bas(Re, D, H, c=0)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Bas-Ozceyhan correlation (2012).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
cfloat: Distance between inner wall of tube and twisted tape insert, [m]

Returns:

ffloat: Friction factor, [-]

References

[43] Bas, H., Ozceyhan, V.; Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with twisted tape inserts placed separately from the tube wall. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 41 (2012) 51-58

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_HTRI(Re, Pr, D, H, Dh, mu, muW, beta=None, dT=None, L=None)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the correlation used in HTRI® software.

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal pipe diameter, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]
mufloat: Bulk flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
muWfloat: Wall flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
Lfloat, optional: Length of heated pipe, [m]
betafloat, optional: Volumetric expansion coefficient, [1/K]
dTfloat, optional: Temperature difference between bulk and wall, [K]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[8] ; HTRI Design Manual.

Examples

B3.1.2.4 turbulent flow >>> beta = -2/(527+609)*(527-609)/(106-36.7) >>> args =(23390, 4.41, 0.0158, 0.158, 0.0096, 0.000208, 1e-3, beta, 69.3) >>> Nu = Nu_twisted_HTRI(*args) >>> print(“%0.0f” % (Nu*0.11/0.0096)) 1306

laminar flow >>> args =(1656, 8.69, 0.0211, 0.211, None, 0.000343, None, None, 12.2) >>> Nu = Nu_twisted_HTRI(*args) >>> print(“%0.1f” % (Nu*0.107/0.0211)) 157.8

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_Manglik(Re, Pr, D, H, delta, Dh, mu, muW)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using

the Manglik and Bergles correlation (1993)

In laminar flow for simplicity use only fully developed swirl flow correlation and without thermal entrance effects and combined forced and free convection.

\[Nu = 4.612 \left(1+6.413e-9\left(Sw Pr^{0.391}\right)^{3.835}\right)^{0.2}\]

For turbulent flow:

\[\frac{Nu}{Nu_{y=\infty}} = 1+\frac{0.769}{y}\]

\[Nu_{y=\infty} = 0.023 Re^{0.8} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{\pi}{pi-4\delta/d}\right)^{0.8} \left(\frac{\pi+2-2\delta/d}{\pi-4\delta/d}\right)^{0.2}\]

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal pipe diameter, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]
mufloat: Bulk flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
muWfloat: Wall flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[4] Manglik, R.M., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part I - Laminar Flows. J. Heat Transfer 115(4) (1993) 881-889

[5] Manglik, R.M., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part II - Transition and Turbulent Flows. J. Heat Transfer 115(4) (1993) 890-896

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_Sarma(Re, Pr, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Sarma et al. correlation (2005)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[15] Sarma, P.K., Kishore, P.S., Rao, V.D., Subrahnamyam, T.; A Conbined approach to predict friction coefficients and convective heat transfer characteristics in A tube with twisted tape inserts for a wide range of Re and Pr. Int. J. Therm. Sciences 44(4) (2005) 393-398

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_Chang(Re, Pr, D, H, mod='', bf=False)[source]¶

Calculate friction factor a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using

the Chang et al. correlation (2012).

The twisted-tape have geometrical modifications:

PT: Perforated twisted tape

PJT: Perforated twisted tape with jaggedness

PST: Perforated spiky twisted tape

PJST: Perforated spicy twisted tape with jaggedness

VST: V-notched spicy twisted tape

SR: Serrated roughened twisted tape

BT: Broken twisted tape

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape PT | PJT | PST | PJSJ | VST
bfboolean: In jaggedness mod flow orientation is relevant, set backward flow state

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[27] Chang, S.W., Guo, M.H.; Thermal perfomances of enhanced smooth and spiky twisted tapes for laminar and turbulent tubular flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55(25-26) (2012) 7651-7667

[28] Chang, S.W., Jan, Y.J., Liou, J.S.; Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop in tube fittedwith serrated twisted tape. Int. J. Thermal Sci. 46(5) (2007) 506-518

[29] Chang, S.W., Yang, T.L., Liou, J.S.; Heat transfer and pressure drop in tube with broken twisted tape insert. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 32(2) (2007) 489-501

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_laminar_Plessis(Re, Pr, D, H, delta, Ae, De, x=None)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Plessis and Kröger correlation (1987).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
Aefloat: Effective flow area, [m²]
Defloat: Effective hydraulic diameter, [m]
xfloat, optional: Length in axial flow, [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[2] du Plessis, J.P., Kröger, D.G.; Heat transfer correlation for thermally developing laminar flow in a smooth tube with a twisted-tape insert. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 30(3) (1987) 509-515

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_laminar_Hong(Re, Pr, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Hong and Bergles correlation (1976). Valid only for laminar region Re < 2500

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[6] Hong, S.W., Bergles, A.E.; Augmenttion of Laminar Flow Heat Transfer in Tubes by Means of Twisted-Tape Inserts. J. Heat Transfer 98(2) (1976) 251-256

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_laminar_Agarwal(Re, Pr, D, H, mu, muW)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Agarwal and Raja Rao correlation (1996).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
mufloat: Bulk flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
muWfloat: Wall flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[10] Agarwal, S.K., Raja Rao, M.; Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 39(17) (1996) 3547-3557

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_laminar_Saha(Re, Pr, D, H, delta, S)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Saha-Gaitonde-Date correlation (1989).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
Sfloat: Spacer length without twisted section, [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[24] Saha, S.K., Gaitonde, U.N., Date, A.W.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube Fitted with Regularly Spaced Twisted-Tape Elements. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 2(3) (1989) 310-322

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_laminar_Klaczak(Re, Pr, D, H, delta, mu=None, muW=None)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Klaczak correlation (2000).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
deltafloat: Tape thickness, [m]
mufloat: Bulk flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
muWfloat: Wall flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[24] Saha, S.K., Gaitonde, U.N., Date, A.W.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube Fitted with Regularly Spaced Twisted-Tape Elements. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 2(3) (1989) 310-322

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Lopina(Re, Pr, D, H, Dh, mu, muW, beta, DT, HTRI=False)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Lopina and Bergles correlation (1969). Only valid for turbulent flow with Re > 5000

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]
mufloat: Bulk flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
muWfloat: Wall flow temperature viscosity, [Pa·s]
betafloat, optional: Volumetric expansion coefficient, [1/K]
dTfloat, optional: Temperature difference between bulk and wall, [K]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[7] Lopina, R.F., Bergles, A.E.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tape-Generaged Swirl Flow of Single-Phase Water. ASME J. Heat Transfer 91(3) (1969) 434-442

[8] ; HTRI Design Manual.

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Naphon(Re, Pr, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Naphon correlation (2006). Only valid for turbulent flow with Re > 7000

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[9] Naphon, P.; Heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal double pipes with and without twisted tape insert. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 33 (2006) 166-175

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Kidd(Re, Pr, D, H, L, T, Tw)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Kidd correlation (1969).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Lfloat, optional: Length of heated pipe, [m]
Tfloat: Bulk flow temperature, [K]
Twfloat: Wall flow temperature, [K]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[11] Kidd, G.J. Jr.; Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for Nitrogen Flowing in Tubes Containing Twisted Tapes. AIChE J. 15(4) (1969) 581-585.

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Smithberg(Re, Pr, D, H, Dh)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Smithberg-Landis correlation (1964)

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
Dhfloat: Hydraulic diameter, [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[12] Smithberg, E., Landis, F.; Friction and Forced Convection Heat-Transfer Characteristics in Tubes With Twisted Tape Swirl Generators. J. Heat Transfer. 86(1) (1964) 39-48

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Murugesan(Re, Pr, D, H, mod='', de=None, w=None)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Murugesan-Mayilsamy-Suresh correlation (2010). Valid in turbulent flow

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Tape diameter, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape Nails|Square cut|V cut
defloat, optional: Depth of V cut, [m]
wfloat: Width of V cut, [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[16] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Studies in a Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tape Consisting of Wire-nails. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 18(6) (2010) 1038-1042

[17] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tube Fitted with Square-cut Twisted Tape. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 18(4) (2010) 609-617

[18] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S., Srinivasan, P.S.S; Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a circular tube fitted with and without V-cut twisted tapeinsert. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 38(3) (2011) 329-334

[19] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer in Tubes Fitted with Trapezoidal-Cut and Plain Twisted Tape Inserts. Chem. Eng. Communications 198(7) (2011) 886-904

[20] Murugesan, P., Mayilsamy, K., Suresh, S.; Heat Transfer in a Tube Fitted with Vertical and Horizontal Wing-cut Twisted Tapes. Exp. Heat Transfer 25(1) (2012) 30-47

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Jaisankar(Re, Pr, D, H)[source]¶

Calculate Nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Jaisankar et al. correlation (2009).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]

References

[21] Jaisankar, S., Radhakrishnan, T.;., Sheeba, K.N.; Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of forced circulation solar water heater system fitted with helical twisted tapes. Solar Energy 83(11) (2009) 1943-1952

equipment.widget.twistedtape.Nu_twisted_turbulent_Eiamsaard(Re, Pr, D, H, mod='', **kw)[source]¶

Calculate nusselt number for a pipe with a twisted-tape insert using: the Eiamsa-ard et al. correlation (2010).

Parameters:

Refloat: Reynolds number, [-]
Prfloat: Prandtl number, [-]
Dfloat: Internal diameter of tube, [m]
Hfloat: Tape pitch for twist of π radians (180º), [m]
modstring: Name of modification code of twisted tape CT | CoT | oDWT | sDWT | PCT | ST | WT | AWT | DST | TT | AT | PT | HPT | CCC | T-Tra | T-Rec | T_Tri | STT | TW | TWA
dWfloat: depth of wing cut, [m]
wfloat: Peripherally-cut width
Sfloat: Spacer length without twisted section, [m]
betafloat: Attack angle, [ºdeg]
tetafloat: Taper angle, [ºdeg]
lfloat: Length of alternate axis, [m]
sPfloat: Spaced-pitch length of perforated, [m]
dPfloat: Diameter of perforated, [m]
titafloat: twist angle, [ºdeg]
Swfloat: Serration width, [m]
Sdfloat: Serration depth, [m]
bWboolean: Set backward wing arrangement
wWfloat: Wing width, [m]
PWfloat: Pitch length of wing, [m]

Returns:

Nufloat: Nusselt number, [-]