#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''Pychemqt, Chemical Engineering Process simulator
Copyright (C) 2009-2025, Juan José Gómez Romera <jjgomera@gmail.com>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.'''
from functools import partial
from math import atan, exp, log10, pi, tan
from tools.qt import QtCore, QtWidgets, translate
from equipment.widget.gui import ToolGui, CallableEntity
from lib.adimensional import Dean
from lib.friction import f_friccion
from lib.unidades import Length
from lib.utilities import refDoc
from UI.widgets import Entrada_con_unidades
__doi__ = {
1:
{"autor": "El-Genk, M.S., Timothy, M.S.",
"title": "A Review and Correlations for Convection Heat Transfer and "
"Pressure Losses in Toroidal and Helically Coiled Tubes",
"ref": "Heat Transfer Eng. 38(5) (2017) 447-474",
"doi": "10.1080/01457632.2016.1194693"},
2:
{"autor": "",
"title": "Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook 9th Edition",
"ref": "McGraw-Hill (2019)",
"doi": ""},
3:
{"autor": "Schmidt, E.F.",
"title": "Wärmeübergand und Druckverlust in Rohrschlangen",
"ref": "Chemie Ingenieur Technik 39(13) (1967) 781-789",
"doi": "10.1002/cite.330391302"},
4:
{"autor": "Ito, H.",
"title": "Friction Factors for Turbulent Flow in Curved Pipes",
"ref": "J. Basic Eng. 81 (1959) 123-134",
"doi": "10.1115/1.4008390"},
5:
{"autor": "Kubair, V., Kuloor, N.R.",
"title": "Heat Transfer to Newtonian Fluids in Coiled Pipes in "
"Laminar Flow",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 9 (1966) 63-75",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(66)90057-3"},
6:
{"autor": "Srinivasan, P.S., Nandapurkar, S.S., Holland, F.A.",
"title": "Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Coils",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. 218 (1968) 113-119",
"doi": ""},
7:
{"autor": "Kutateladze, S.S., Borishanskii, V.M. ",
"title": "A Concise Encyclopedia of Heat Transfer",
"ref": "Pergamon Press (1966)",
"doi": ""},
8:
{"autor": "White, C.M.",
"title": "Streamline Flow through Curved Pipes",
"ref": "Proc. R .Soc. London A 123 (1929) 645-663",
"doi": "10.1098/rspa.1929.0089"},
9:
{"autor": "Mori, Y., Nakayama, W.",
"title": "Study on Forced Convective Heat Transfer in Curved Pipes "
"(1st Report, Laminar Region)",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 8(1) (1965) 67-82",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(65)90098-0"},
10:
{"autor": "Mori, Y., Nakayama, W.",
"title": "Study on Forced Convective Heat Transfer in Curved Pipes "
"(2nd Report, Turbulent Region)",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 10(1) (1967) 37-59",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(67)90182-2"},
11:
{"autor": "Hart, J., Ellenberger, J., Hamersma, P.J.",
"title": "Single- and Two-Phase Flow Through Helically Coiled Tubes",
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"doi": "10.1016/0009-2509(88)80072-1"},
12:
{"autor": "Ju, H., Huang, Z., Xu, Y., Duan, B, Yu, Y.",
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"Coil-Pipe",
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"doi": "10.1080/18811248.2001.9715102"},
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{"autor": "Mishra, P., Gupta, S.N.",
"title": "Momentum Transfer in Curved Pipes. 1. Newtonian Fluids",
"ref": "Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 18(1) (1979) 130-137",
"doi": "10.1021_i260069a017"},
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{"autor": "Czop, V., Barbier, D., Dong, S.",
"title": "Pressure drop, void fraction and shear stress measurements "
"in an adiabatic two-phase flow in a coiled tube",
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"doi": "10.1016/0029-5493(94)90298-4"},
15:
{"autor": "Xin, R.C., Ebadian, M.A. ",
"title": "The Effects of Prandtl Numbers on Local and Average "
"Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics in Helical Pipes",
"ref": "J. Heat Transfer 119(3) (1997) 467-73",
"doi": "10.1115/1.2824120"},
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{"autor": "Seban R.A., McLaughlin, E.F.",
"title": "Heat Transfer in Tube Coils with Laminar and Turbulent Flow",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 6() (1963) 387-395",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(63)90100-5"},
17:
{"autor": "Manlapaz, R.L., Churchill, S.W.",
"title": "Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Helically Coiled Tube of "
"Finite Pitch",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. Communications 7 (1980) 57-78",
"doi": "10.1080/00986448008912549"},
18:
{"autor": "Prasad, B.V.S.S.S., Das, D.H., Prabhaker, A.K.",
"title": "Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer and Performance of a "
"Helically Coiled Tubular Exchanger",
"ref": "Heat Recovery Systems & CHP 9(3) (1989) 249-256",
"doi": "10.1016/0890-4332(89)90008-2"},
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{"autor": "Liu, S., Masliyah, J.H.",
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"finite pitch",
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"doi": "10.1017/S002211209300343X"},
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{"autor": "Seth, K.K., Stahel, E.P.",
"title": "Heat Transfer from Helical Coils Immersed in Agitated "
"Vessels",
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"doi": "10.1021/ie50714a007"},
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{"autor": "Ali, S.",
"title": "Pressure drop correlations for flow through regular "
"helical coil tubes",
"ref": "Fluid Dyn. Research 28 (2001) 295-310",
"doi": "10.1016/s0169-5983(00)00034-4"},
22:
{"autor": "Guo, L., Feng, Z, Chen, X.",
"title": "An experimental investigation of the frictional pressure "
"drop of steam–water two-phase flow in helical coils",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 44(14) (2001): 2601-2610",
"doi": "10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00312-4"},
23:
{"autor": "Ito, H.",
"title": "Laminar Flow in Curved Pipes",
"ref": "Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 11 (1969) 653-663",
"doi": "10.1002/zamm.19690491104"},
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{"autor": "Tarbell, J.M., Samuels, M.R.",
"title": "Momentum and Heat Transfer in Helical Coils",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. J. 5(2) (1973) 117-127",
"doi": "10.1016/0300-9467(73)80002-4"},
25:
{"autor": "Mandal, M. M., Nigam, K.D.P.",
"title": "Experimental Study on Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer of "
"Turbulent Flow in Tube in Tube Helical Heat Exchanger",
"ref": "Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48(20) (2009) 9318-9324",
"doi": "10.1021/ie9002393"},
26:
{"autor": "Ciencolini, A., Santini, L.",
"title": "An experimental investigation regarding the laminar to "
"turbulent flow transition in helically coiled pipes",
"ref": "Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 30 (2006) 367-380",
"doi": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2005.08.005"},
27:
{"autor": "Adler, M.",
"title": "Strömung in gekrümmten Rohren",
"ref": "Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 14(5) 257-275",
"doi": "10.1002/zamm.19340140502"},
28:
{"autor": "Barua, S.N.",
"title": "On Secondary Flow in Stationary Curved Pipes",
"ref": "Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 16(1) (1963) 61-77",
"doi": "10.1093/qjmam_16.1.61"},
29:
{"autor": "Pimenta, T.A., Campos, J.B.L.M.",
"title": "Friction losses of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids "
"flowing in laminar regime in a helical coil",
"ref": "Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 36 (2012) 194-204",
"doi": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.09.013"},
30:
{"autor": "Yanase, S., Goto, N., Yamamoto, K.",
"title": "Dual solutions of the flow through a curved tube",
"ref": "Fluid Dyn. Research 5 (1989) 191-201",
"doi": "10.1016/0169-5983(89)90021-x"},
31:
{"autor": "Dennis, S.C.R.",
"title": "Calculation of the steady flow through a curved tube "
"using a new finite-difference method",
"ref": "J. Fluid Mech. 99(3) (1980) 449-467",
"doi": "10.1017/S0022112080000705"},
32:
{"autor": "Van Dyke, M.",
"title": "Extended Stokes series: laminar flow through a loosely "
"coiled pipe",
"ref": "J. Fluid Mech. 86(1) 129-145",
"doi": "10.1017/S0022112078001032"},
33:
{"autor": "Collins, W.M., Dennis, S.C.R.",
"title": "The Steady Motion of a Viscous Fluid in a Curved Tube",
"ref": "Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 28(2) (1975) 133-156",
"doi": "10.1093/qjmam_28.2.133"},
34:
{"autor": "Dean, W.R.",
"title": "The stream-line motion of fluid in a curved pipe "
"(Second paper)",
"ref": "London Edinburgh Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci. Serie 7 5(30) "
"(1928) 673-695",
"doi": "10.1080/14786440408564513"},
35:
{"autor": "Abushammala, O., Hreiz, R., Lamaître, C., Favre, E.",
"title": "Laminar flow friction factor in highly curved helical "
"pipes: Numerical investigation, predictive correlation "
"and experimental validation using a 3D-printed model",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. Sci. 207(7) (2019) 1030-1039",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.018"},
36:
{"autor": "Kalb, C.E., Seader, J.D.",
"title": "Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena for Viscous Flow in "
"Curved Circular Tubes",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass TRansfer 15() (1972) 801-817",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(72)90122-6"},
37:
{"autor": "Dravid, A.N., Smith, K.A., Merrill, E.W., Brian, P.L.T.",
"title": "Effect of Secondary Fluid Motion on Laminar Flow Heat "
"Transfer in Helically Coiled Tubes",
"ref": "AIChE J. 17(5) (1971) 1114-1122",
"doi": "10.1002/aic.690170517"},
38:
{"autor": "Janssen, L.A.M., Hoogendoorn, C.J.",
"title": "Laminar Convective Heat Transfer in Helical Coiled Tubes",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 21(9) (1978) 1197-1206",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(78)90138-2"},
39:
{"autor": "Manlapaz, R.L., Churchill, S.W.",
"title": "Fully Developed Laminar Convection From a Helical Coil",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. Commun. 9 (1981) 185-200",
"doi": "10.1080/00986448108911023"},
40:
{"autor": "Salimpour, M.R.",
"title": "Heat transfer coefficients of shell and coiled tube heat "
"exchangers",
"ref": "Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 33(2) (2009) 203-207",
"doi": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.07.015"},
41:
{"autor": "Pimenta, T.A., Campos, J.B.L.M.",
"title": "Heat transfer coefficients from Newtonian and non-Newtonian"
" fluids flowing in laminar regime in a helical coil",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 58 (2013) 676-690",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.10.078"},
42:
{"autor": "Pawar, S.S., Sunnapwar, V.K.",
"title": "Studies on convective heat transfer through helical coils",
"ref": "Heat Mass Transfer 49(12) (2013) 1741-1754",
"doi": "10.1007/s00231-013-1210-3"},
43:
{"autor": "Hardik, B.K., Baburajan, P.K., Prabhu, S.V.",
"title": "Local heat transfer coefficient in helical coils with "
"single phase flow",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 89 (2015) 522-538",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.069"},
44:
{"autor": "Rogers, G.F.C., Mayhew, Y.R.",
"title": "Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss in Helically Coiled Tubes "
"with Turbulent Flow",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 7(11) (1964) 1207-1216",
"doi": "10.1016/0017-9310(64)90062-6"},
45:
{"autor": "Pawar, S.S., Sunnapwar, V.K.",
"title": "Experimental studies on heat transfer to Newtonian and "
"non-Newtonian fluids in helical coils with laminar and "
"turbulent flow",
"ref": "Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 44 (2013) 792-804",
"doi": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.09.024"},
46:
{"autor": "Mori, Y., Nakayama, W.",
"title": "Study on Forced Convective Heat Transfer in Curved Pipes "
"(3rd Report, Theoretical Analysis under the Condition of "
"Uniform Wall Temperature and Practical Formulae)",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 10(5) (1967) 681-695",
"doi": "10.1016_0017-9310(67)90113-5"},
47:
{"autor": "Shchukin, V.K.",
"title": "Correlation of Experimental Data on Heat Transfer in "
"Curved Pipes",
"ref": "Teploenergetika 16(2) (1969) 72-76",
"doi": ""},
48:
{"autor": "Guo, L., Chen, X., Feng, Z., Bai, B.",
"title": "Transie:nt convective heat transfer in a helical coiled "
"tube with pulsatile fully developed turbulent flow",
"ref": "Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 41() (1998) 2867-2875",
"doi": "10.1016/s0017-9310(98)80003-3"},
49:
{"autor": "Ghobadi, M., Muzychka, Y.S.",
"title": "A Review of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations "
"for Laminar Flow in Curved Circular Ducts",
"ref": "Heat Transfer Eng. 37(10) (2016) 815-839",
"doi": "10.1080/01457632.2015.1089735"},
50:
{"autor": "Jayakumar, J.S., Mahajani, S.M., Mandal, J.C., Vijayan, "
"P.K., Bhoi, R.",
"title": "Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in "
"helically coiled heat exchangers",
"ref": "Chem. Eng. Res. Design 86(3) (2008) 221-232",
"doi": "10.1016/j.cherd.2007.10.021"},
51:
{"autor": "Yildiz, C., Biçer, Y., Pehlivan, D.",
"title": "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Heat Exchanger with "
"a Helical Pipe Containing Inside Springs",
"ref": "Energy Convers. Management 38(6) (1997) 619-624",
"doi": "10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00040-4"},
52:
{"autor": "Wu, Z., Li, K., Zhang, K., Tian, W.",
"title": "Single-phase flow heat transfer characteristics in helical "
"coils with large coil diameters",
"ref": "Appl. Thermal Eng. 266 (2025) 125776",
"doi": "10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125776"},
# 53:
# {"autor": "",
# "title": "",
# "ref": "",
# "doi": ""},
}
# Critical Reynolds number correlations
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [3])
def Rec_Schmidt(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Schmidt (1967)
.. math::
Re_c = 2300 \left(1+8.6\left(\frac{di}{Dc}\right)^{0.45}\right)
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
# Eq 14
Rec = 2300*(1+8.6*(di/Dc)**0.45)
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [4])
def Rec_Ito(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Ito (1959)
.. math::
Re_c = 2x10^4 \left(\frac{di}{Dc}\right)^{0.32}
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
# Eq 11
Rec = 2e4*(di/Dc)**0.32
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [5])
def Rec_Kubair(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Kubair-Kuloor (1966)
.. math::
Re_c = 1.273x10^4 \left(\frac{di}{Dc}\right)^{0.2}
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
Rec = 1.273e4*(di/Dc)**0.2
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [6, 1, 2])
def Rec_Srinivasan(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Srinivasan (1968) as shown in
[1]_. Recomended method by [2]_.
.. math::
Re_c = 2100 \left(1 + 12\sqrt{\frac{d_i}{D_c}}\right)
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
Rec = 2100 * (1 + 12*(di/Dc)**0.5)
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [7])
def Rec_Kutateladze(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Kutateladze (1966).
.. math::
Re_c = 2300 + 10500 \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.3}
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
# Eq 7.26
Rec = 2300 + 10500*(di/Dc)**0.3
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [20])
def Rec_SethStahel(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Seth-Stahel (1969).
.. math::
Re_c = 1900 \left(1 + 8 \sqrt{\frac{d_i}{D_c}}\right)
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
# Eq 32
Rec = 1900 * (1 + 8*(di/Dc)**0.5)
return Rec
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [26])
def Rec_Cioncolini(di, Dc):
r"""Calculates critical Reynolds to define transition between laminar and
turbulent flow using using the correlation of Cioncolini-Santini (2006).
.. math::
Re_c = 30,000 \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.47}
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Rec : float
Critical reynolds number, [-]
"""
# Eq 13
Rec = 30000 * (di/Dc)**0.47
return Rec
# Friction factor correlations
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [3])
def f_Schmidt(Re, di, Dc):
"""Calculate friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the correlation of Schmidt (1967)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Schmidt(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow, Eq 15
f = 16/Re * (1+0.14*(di/Dc)**0.97*Re**(1-0.644*(di/Dc)**0.312))
elif Re < 2.2e4:
# Eq 16
f = 0.3164/Re**0.25 * (1+2.88e4/Re*(di/Dc)**0.62)
else:
# Eq 17
f = 0.3164/Re**0.25 * (1+0.0823*(1+di/Dc)*(di/Dc)**0.53*Re**0.25)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [9, 10])
def f_MoriNakayama(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Mori-Nakayama (1965).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s}=\left(\frac{0.108De^{0.5}}{1-3.253 De^{-0.5}}\right)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
# Limit between both turbulent phases, Eq. 43
Re_ = 6.5e5 * (di/Dc)**0.5
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
fI = 0.108*De**0.5 # Eq 1.33
fII = fI / (1-3.253/De**0.5) # Eq 1.34
f = fII * fd
elif Re < Re_:
# Low turbulent region, # Eq 40 from [10]_
f = 0.3/(Re*(di/Dc)**2)**0.2*(1+0.112/(Re*(di/Dc)**2)**0.2)/(di/Dc)**0.5
else:
# Hith turbulent region, # Eq 41 from [10]_
f = 0.192/(Re*(di/Dc)**2.5)**(1/6) * \
(1+0.068/(Re*(di/Dc)**2.5)**(1/6)) / (di/Dc)**0.5
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [12])
def f_Ju(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Ju et al. (2001).
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Srinivasan(di, Dc)
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
if De < 11.6:
# Laminar flow, Eq 12, straight tube correlation
f = fd
elif Re < Rec:
# Laminar with big vortex, Eq. 13
f = fd * (1 + 0.015*Re**0.75*(di/Dc)**0.4)
else:
# Turbulent flow, Eq 14
f = fd * (1 + 0.011*Re**0.23*(di/Dc)**0.14)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [13])
def f_MishraGupta(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Mishra-Gupta (1979).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 - \left(1-\left(\frac{11.6}{De}\right)^{0.45}
\right)^{\frac{1}{0.45}}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow, Eq 5.
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
f = fd * (1 + 0.033*log10(De)**4)
else:
# Turbulent flow, Eq 10.
f = fd + 0.03*(di/Dc)**0.5
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [18])
def f_Prasad(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Prasad et al. (1989).
For laminar flow use a modified Write correlation:
.. math::
\frac{f}{f_s} = \frac{1}{1-\left(1-\left(\frac{B}{De}\right)^{0.45}
\right)^{\frac{1}{0.45}}}
For turbulent flow use a modified Ito correlation:
.. math::
\frac{f}{f_s} = 1 +
0.18\left(Re \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^2\right)^{0.25}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if De < 500:
B = 11.6
else:
B = 6
f = fd / (1-(1-(B/De)**0.45)**(1/0.45))
else:
# Turbulent flow
f = fd * (1+0.18*(Re*(di/Dc)**2)**0.25)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [21])
def f_Ali(Re, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Ali (2001).
Define four flow regime fitted with the correlation:
.. math::
f = Eu\frac{d}{L}=\alpha\left(\frac{d_i}{D_{eq}}\right)^{0.15}Re^{\beta}
with the equivalent diameter of coil:
.. math::
D_{eq} = \sqrt{\frac{p^2+\left(\pi D\right)^2}{pi}}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
# Equivalent diameter of coil
Deq = ((p**2 + (pi*Dc)**2)/pi)**0.5
if Re < 500:
# Low Laminar flow, Eq 15
f = 21.88 * (di/Deq)**0.15 / Re**0.9
elif Re < 6300:
# Laminar flow, Eq 16
f = 5.25 * (di/Deq)**0.15 / Re**(2/3)
elif Re < 10000:
# Mixed flow, Eq 17
f = 0.56 * (di/Deq)**0.15 / Re**(2/5)
else:
# Turbulent flow, Eq 18
f = 0.09 * (di/Deq)**0.15 / Re**(1/5)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [1])
def f_ElGenkSchriener(Re, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of ElGenk-Schriener (2017).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 + 0.00325 De_m
where modified Dean number is defined as:
.. math::
De_m = De^{0.86} \delta^{0.09} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{-0.38}
δ is the curvature defined as:
.. math::
\delta = \frac{d_i/D_c}{1+4\pi^2 \tan^2 \alpha}
α is the helix angle:
.. math::
\alpha = \tan^{-1}{\frac{p}{\pi D}}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
# Helix angle
alpha = atan(p/pi/Dc)
# Curvature
delta = (di/Dc)/(1+4*pi**2*tan(alpha)**2)
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Modified Dean number
Dem = De**0.86 * delta**0.09 / (di/Dc)**0.38
# Eq 50
f = fd * (1+0.00325*Dem)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [6, 49])
def f_Srinivasan(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Srinivasan (1968) as explain in [49]_.
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
if De < 30:
f = fd
elif De < 300:
f = fd * 0.419 * De**0.275
else:
f = fd * 0.1125 * De**0.5
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [23, 4])
def f_Ito(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Ito (1969).
For laminar flow:
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.1033 De^{0.5} \left(\left(1+\frac{1.729}{De}\right)
^{0.5} - \frac{1.315}{De^{0.5}}\right)^{-3}
For turbulent flow:
.. math::
f_c = 4 \left(0.029 sqrt{\frac{d_i}{D_c}} + 0.304 Re^{-0.25}\right)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow, Eq 57 from [23]_
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
f = fd * 0.1033 * De**0.5 / ((1+1.729/De)**0.5 - 1.315/De**0.5)**3
else:
# Turbulent flow, Eq 2 from [4]_
f = 0.029*(di/Dc)**0.5 + 0.304/Re**0.25
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [8])
def f_laminar_White(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of White (1929).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 - \left(1-\left(\frac{11.6}{De}\right)^{0.45}
\right)^{\frac{1}{0.45}}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
if De > 11.6:
C = 1 - (1 - (11.6/De)**0.45)**(1/0.45)
else:
C = 1
return fd/C
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [11, 2])
def f_laminar_Hart(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Hart (1988).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 + 0.09 \frac{De^{1.5}}{70+De}
Recomended method in [2]_ for friction factor in laminar flow.
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
f = 1 + 0.09 * De**1.5 / (70+De)
return f * fd
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [17])
def f_laminar_ManlapazChurchill(Re, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates friction factor in laminar regimen for internal flow of a
helical coil using the method of Manlapaz-Churchill (1980).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_{s,L}} = \left[\left(1 -
\frac{0.18}{\left(1+\left(\frac{35}{De}\right)^2\right)^{1/2}}\right)^m
+ \left(1+\frac{d_i}{3 D_c}\right)^2 \frac{De}{88.33}\right]^{1/2}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
fd = f_friccion(Re)
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if De <= 20:
m = 2
elif De <= 40:
m = 1
else:
m = 0
if p:
# Eq 25
X = De*(1/(1+(p/Dc/2/pi)**2))**0.5
else:
X = De
# Eq 29
f = fd * ((1-0.18/(1+(35/X)**2)**0.5)**m + (1+di/Dc/3)**2*X/88.33)**0.5
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [19])
def f_laminar_LiuMasliyah(Re, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Liu-Masliyah (1993).
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
Rc = Dc/di
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Curvature ratio, Eq 10
l = Rc/(Rc**2+(p/2/pi)**2)
# Torsion, Eq 11
nu = (p/2/pi)/(Rc**2+(p/2/pi)**2)
# Eq 43
f = (16 + (0.378*De*l**0.25 + 12.1)*De**0.5*l**0.5*nu**2) / Re * \
(1+((0.0908+0.0233*l**0.5)*De**0.5-0.132*l**0.5+0.37*l-0.2)/(1+49/De))
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [24])
def f_laminar_TarbellSamuels(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Tarbell-Samuels (1973).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 + \left(
8.279e^{-4} + \frac{7.964e{-3}}{d_i/D_c}\right) Re - 2.096e-7 Re^2
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 27
f = fd * (1 + (8.279e-4 + 7.964e-3/(Dc/di))*Re - 2.096e-7*Re**2)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [27])
def f_laminar_Adler(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Adler (1934).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.1064 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 29
f = fd * 0.1064*De**0.5
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [28])
def f_laminar_Barua(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Barua (1963).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.509 + 0.0918 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 29
f = fd * (0.509 + 0.0918*De**0.5)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [29])
def f_laminar_PimentaCampos(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Pimenta-Campos (2012)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 + \frac{0.028 De^{1.68}}{70+De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 10
f = fd * (1 + 0.028*De**1.68/(70+De))
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [30])
def f_laminar_Yanase(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Yanase et al. (1989)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.557 + 0.0938 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 18
f = fd * (0.557 + 0.0938*De**0.5)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [31])
def f_laminar_Dennis(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Dennis (1980)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.388 + 0.1015 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 18
f = fd * (0.388 + 0.1015*De**0.5)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [32])
def f_laminar_vanDyke(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Van Dyke (1978)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.47136 De^{0.25}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 7.6
f = fd * 0.47136 * De**0.25
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [33])
def f_laminar_CollinsDennis(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Collins-Dennis (1975)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.38036 + 0.1028 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 34
f = fd * (0.38036 + 0.1028*De**0.5)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [34])
def f_laminar_Dean(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Dean (1928)
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 0.38036 + 0.1028 \sqrt{De}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
Notes
-----
Correlation only valid for De < 20
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if De > 20:
raise ValueError("Input out of range")
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 29
# The K parameter in original paper really is 2*De²
f = fd * (1 - 0.03058*(De**2/288)**2 + 0.01195*(De**2/288)**4)
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [35])
def f_laminar_Abushammala(Re, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Abushammala et al. (2019)
.. math::
f_c = f_s + A B e^{-C}
with:
.. math::
A = p_1 D \left(\frac{D}{Re}\right)^{p_2}
.. math::
B = \left(\frac{D_c}{2 d_i} + \frac{2 d_i}{D_c}\right)^{p_3}
.. math::
C = p_4 D \frac{p}{d_i} \left(\frac{D_c}{2 d_i}\right)^{-p_5}
.. math::
D = \left(\left(\frac{D_c}{2 d_i}\right)^{-p6} \left(1 + \left(
\frac{p/d_i}{2 \pi D_c/2/d_i}\right)^2\right)\right)^{-p_7}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
Notes
-----
Correlation only valid for De < 20
"""
Rh = Dc/2/di
ph = p/di
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Table 3, parameters
if Re < 400:
p = (1.98, 4.07e-1, 8.49e-1, 8.71e-2, 8.91e-1, 2.31, 3.67e-1)
else:
p = (2.88, 3.82e-1, 9.16e-3, 2.48e-3, 2.62, 1.1, 3.23e-1)
# Eq 7
D = (Rh**-p[5]*(1+(ph/2/pi/Rh)**2))**-p[6]
C = p[3]*D*ph*Rh**-p[4]
B = (Rh+1/Rh)**p[2]
A = p[0]*D*(D/Re)**p[1]
f = fd + A*B*exp(-C)/4
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [14])
def f_turbulent_Czop(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Czop (1994).
.. math::
f_c = \frac{0.096}{De^{-0.1517}}
The paper give this correlation for single phase flow. Give too
correlations for two phase flow.
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 9
f = 0.096 / De**0.1517
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [22])
def f_turbulent_Guo(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Guo et al. (2001).
.. math::
f_c = 2.552 Re^{-0.15} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.51}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
# Eq 20
# Convert fanning friction factor
f = 2.552/4 / Re**0.15 * (di/Dc)**0.51
return f
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [25])
def f_turbulent_MandalNigam(Re, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates friction factor for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Mandal-Nigam (2009).
.. math::
\frac{f_c}{f_s} = 1 + 0.03{De}^{0.27}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
fd = f_friccion(Re)
# Eq 11
f = fd * (1 + 0.03*De**0.27)
return f
# Heat Transfer coefficient correlations
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [3])
def Nu_Schmidt(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates Nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil using the
correlation of Schmidt (1967)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Schmidt(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow, Eq 18
Nu = 3.65 + Pr**0.8 * 0.08*(1+0.8*(di/Dc)**0.9) \
* Re**(0.5+0.2903*(di/Dc)**0.194)
elif Re < 2.2e4:
# Eq 21
Nu = 0.023 * Pr**(1/3) * (1+14.8*(1+di/Dc)*(di/Dc)**(1/3)) \
* Re**(0.8-0.22*(di/Dc)**0.1)
else:
# Eq 22
Nu = 0.023 * (1+3.6*(1-di/Dc)*(di/Dc)**0.8) * Re**0.8 * Pr**(1/3)
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [9, 10, 46])
def Nu_MoriNakayama(Re, Pr, di, Dc, simple=False):
r"""Calculates Nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
laminar flow using the method of Mori-Nakayama (1965).
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if Pr >= 1:
# Eq 2.15
Z = 2/11*(1+(1+77/4/Pr**2)**0.5)
else:
# Eq 2.18
Z = (2+(10/Pr**2-1)**0.5)/5
if simple:
# Simplified formulae from [46]_
# Eq 55
Nu = 0.864/Z * De**0.5 * (1+2.35/De**0.5)
else:
# Eq 2.23
NuI = 0.1979*De**0.5/Z
if Pr >= 1:
# Eq 2.24
f = 1 + 37.05/Z * (1/40 - 17/120*Z + (1/10/Z+13/30)/10/Pr)*De**-0.5
else:
# Eq 2.25
f = 1 - 37.05/Z * (Z**2/12 + 1/24 - 1/120/Z
- (4/3*Z - 1/3/Z + 1/15/Z**2)/20/Pr)*De**-0.5
Nu = 48/11 * NuI/f
else:
# Turbulent flow
if Pr < 10:
# Eq 91 in [10]_, for gases
Nu = Pr/(26.2*(Pr**(2/3)-0.074)) * Re**0.8 * (di/Dc)**0.1 * \
(1+0.098/(Re*(di/Dc)**2)**0.2)
else:
# Eq 94 in [10], for liquids
Nu = Re**(5/6)/41*(di/Dc)**(1/12)*(1+0.061/(Re*(di/Dc)**2.5)**(1/6))
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [15])
def Nu_XinEbadian(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates Nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil using the
correlation of Xin-Ebadian (1997)
For laminar flow:
.. math::
Nu = \left(2.153 + 0.318 \left(Re \frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.643}\right)
Pr^{0.177}
For turbulent flow:
.. math::
Nu = 0.00619 Re^{0.92} Pr^{0.4} \left(1 + 3.455 \frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Laminar flow
if Re < 5000:
De = Re*(di/Dc)**0.5
# Eq 5
Nu = (2.153+0.318*De**0.643) * Pr**0.177
else:
# Eq 6
Nu = 0.00619 * Re**0.92 * Pr**0.4 * (1+3.455*di/Dc)
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [16])
def Nu_SebanMcLaughlin(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates Nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil using the
correlation of Seban-McLaughlin (1963)
For laminar flow:
.. math::
Nu = 1.04 \left(\frac{Re}{1-\left(1-\left(1-\frac{11.6}{De}\right)
^{0.45}\right)^{1/0.45}}\right)^{1/3} Pr^{1/3}
For turbulent flow:
.. math::
Nu = 0.023 Re^{0.85} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.1}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
# Use Whie correlation for friction factor
f = f_laminar_White(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 3
Nu = 0.13*(f/8*Re**2)**(1/3)*Pr**(1/3)
else:
# Use friction factor for a straight tube given in paper
fs = 0.023 / Re**0.2
# Eq 4, Friction factor
f = fs * (Re*(di/Dc)**2)**0.05
# Eq 6
Nu = f * Re * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [18])
def Nu_Prasad(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of Prasad et al. (1989).
For laminar flow:
.. math::
Nu = 0.25 \left(\frac{f}{8} Re^2\right)^{1/3} Pr^{1/3}
For turbulent flow:
.. math::
Nu = \frac{f}{8} Re
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
f = f_Prasad(Re, di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
Nu = 0.25 * (f/8*Re**2)**(1/3) * Pr
else:
# Turbulent flow
Nu = f/8 * Re
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [42, 45])
def Nu_PawarSunnapwar(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil using the method of Pawar-Sunnapwar
(2013).
For laminar flow:
.. math::
Nu = 0.02198 Re^{0.9314} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.391}
For turbulent flow:
.. math::
Nu = 0.0472 De^{0.8346} Pr^{0.4}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
Rec = Rec_Ito(di, Dc)
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow, Eq 23 in [42]_
Nu = 0.02198 * Re**0.9314 * Pr**0.4 * (di/Dc)**0.391
else:
# Turbulent flow, Eq 16 in [45]_
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
Nu = 0.0472 * De**0.8346 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [1])
def Nu_ElGenkSchriener(Re, Pr, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil using
the method of ElGenk-Schriener (2017).
For fluids with Pr < 15:
.. math::
Nu_c = 3.66 + 0.014 Re_m^{0.86} Pr^{0.4}
For fluids with Pr > 15:
.. math::
Nu_c = 3.66 + 0.02 Re_m^{0.7} Pr^{0.4}
using a modified Reynolds number:
.. math::
Re_m = Re \left(1+3.4 \delta\right)
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Helix angle
alpha = atan(p/pi/Dc)
# Curvature
delta = (di/Dc)/(1+4*pi**2*tan(alpha)**2)
Rem = Re * (1+3.4*delta)
if Pr < 15:
# Eq 51
Nu = 3.66 + 0.014*Re**0.86*Pr**0.4
else:
# Eq 52
Nu = 3.66 + 0.02*Re**0.7*Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [36])
def Nu_laminar_KalbSeader(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Kalb-Seader (1972).
For Pr < 0.05:
.. math::
Nu = 3.31 De^{0.115} Pr^{0.0108}
For Pr > 0.7
.. math::
Nu = 0.913 De^{0.476} Pr^{0.2}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if Pr < 0.5:
# Eq 22
Nu = 3.31 * De**0.115 * Pr**0.0108
else:
# Eq 23
Nu = 0.913 * De**0.476 * Pr**0.2
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [37])
def Nu_laminar_Dravid(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Dravid et al. (1971).
.. math::
Nu = \left(0.76 + 0.65 De^{0.5}\right) Pr^{0.175}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 23
Nu = (0.76 + 0.65*De**0.5) * Pr**0.175
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [38])
def Nu_laminar_JanssenHoogendoorn(Re, Pr, di, Dc, f):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Janssen-Hoogendoorn (1978).
.. math::
Nu = 0.6166 \left(f Re^2\right)^{0.26} Pr^{1/6}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
f : float
Friction factor, [-]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
if De > 20:
# Eq 19
# The original equation use the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, so
# convert to Fanning:
# 0.43*4**0.26
Nu = 0.6166 * (f*Re**2)**0.26 * Pr**(1/6)
else:
# Eq 22
Nu = 1.7 * (De**2*Pr)**(1/6)
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [39])
def Nu_laminar_ManlapazChurchill(Re, Pr, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Manlapaz-Churchill (1981).
.. math::
Nu = \left(\left(3.657 + \frac{4.343}{\left(1+\frac{957}{Pr He^2}
\right)^2}\right)^3 + 1.158 \left(\frac{He}{1+\frac{0.477}{Pr}}\right)
^{1.5}\right)^{1/3}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float, optional
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
He = De/(1+(p/2/pi/di)**2)**0.5
# Eq 39, Uniform wall temperature
Nu = ((3.657 + 4.343/(1+957/Pr/He**2)**2)**3
+ 1.158*(He/(1+0.477/Pr))**1.5)**(1/3)
# Paper give too a correlation for uniform heat flux
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [40])
def Nu_laminar_Salimpour(Re, Pr, di, Dc, p):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Salimpour (2009).
.. math::
Nu = 0.152De^{0.431}Pr^{1.06}\left(\frac{b}{2 \pi D_c}\right)^{-0.277}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float, optional
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 5
Nu = 0.152 * De**0.431 * Pr**1.06 * (2*pi*di/p)**0.277
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [41])
def Nu_laminar_PimentaCampos(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Pimenta-Campos (2013).
.. math::
Nu = \left(0.5 De^{0.481} - 0.465\right) Pr^{0.367}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 38
Nu = (0.5*De**0.481 - 0.465) * Pr**0.367
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [43])
def Nu_laminar_Hardik(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow at constant heat flux
boundary condition of a helical coil in laminar flow using the method of
Hardik et al. (2015).
.. math::
Nu = 0.0456 Re^{0.8} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.16}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Eq 22
Nu = 0.0456 * (di/Dc)**0.16 * Re**0.8 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [25])
def Nu_turbulent_MandalNigam(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Mandal-Nigam (2009).
.. math::
Nu = 0.55 De^{0.637} Pr^{0.4}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 13
Nu = 0.55 * De**0.637 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [44])
def Nu_turbulent_RogersMayhew(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Rogers-Mayhew (1964).
.. math::
Nu = 0.023 Re^{0.85} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.1}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Eq 12
Nu = 0.023 * Re**0.85 * Pr**0.4 * (di/Dc)**0.1
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [44, 1])
def Nu_turbulent_Shchukin(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Shchukin (1969) as show in [1]_
For math:`Re (d_i/D_c)^2 < 20`
.. math::
Nu = 0.0316 Re^{0.8} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.05}
For math:`Re (d_i/D_c)^2 > 20`
.. math::
Nu = 0.0266 Re^{0.85} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{0.15}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
if Re*(di/Dc)**2 < 20:
Nu = 0.0316 * Re**0.8 * Pr**0.4 * (di/Dc)**0.05
else:
Nu = 0.0266 * Re**0.85 * Pr**0.4 * (di/Dc)**0.15
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [48])
def Nu_turbulent_Guo(Re, Pr):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Guo (1998).
.. math::
Nu = 0.023 Re^{0.58} Pr^{0.4}
This correlation don't include any helical coil geometrical parameters
dependence.
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Eq 12
Nu = 0.328 * Re**0.58 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [50])
def Nu_turbulent_Jayakumar(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Jayakumar et al. (2008)
.. math::
Nu = 0.025 De^{0.9112} Pr^{0.4}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 8
Nu = 0.025 * De**0.9112 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [51])
def Nu_turbulent_Yildiz(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Yildiz et al. (1997)
.. math::
Nu = 0.0551 De^{0.864} Pr^{0.4}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
De = Dean(Re, di, Dc)
# Eq 5
Nu = 0.0551 * De**0.864 * Pr**0.4
return Nu
[docs]
@refDoc(__doi__, [52])
def Nu_turbulent_Wu(Re, Pr, di, Dc):
r"""Calculates nusselt number for internal flow of a helical coil in
turbulent flow using the method of Wu et al. (2025)
.. math::
Nu = 0.023 Re^{0.759} Pr^{0.4} \left(\frac{d_i}{D_c}\right)^{-0.079}
Parameters
----------
Re : float
Reynolds number, [-]
Pr : float
Prandtl number, [-]
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
Returns
-------
Nu : float
Nusselt number, [-]
"""
# Eq 26
Nu = 0.023 * Re**0.759 * Pr**0.4 / (di/Dc)**0.079
return Nu
[docs]
class Helical(CallableEntity):
"""Helical coil tube used as anhancing heat transfer equipment.
Parameters
----------
di : float
Inner diameter of the pipe, [m]
Dc : float
Diameter of the helix, [m]
p : float, optional
Pitch for twist of 2π radians (360º), [m]
MoriSimple : boolean, optional
Use Simple correlation for Mori-Nakayama nusselt number correlation
"""
TEXT_REYNOLDS_CRITICAL = (
"Ito (1959)",
"Schmidt (1967)",
"Kubair-Kuloor (1966)",
"Srinivasan (1968)",
"Kutateladze (1966)",
"Seth-Stahel (1969)",
"Cioncolini-Santini (2006)")
TEXT_LAMINAR_FRICTION = (
"Schmidt (1967)",
"White (1929)",
"Mori-Nakayama (1965)",
"Hart (1988)",
"Ju (2001)",
"Mishra-Gupta (1979)",
"Manlapaz-Churchill (1980)",
"Prasad (1989)",
"Liu-Masliyah (1993)",
"Ali (2001)",
"Ito (1969)",
"Tarbell-Samuels (1973)",
"Pimenta-Campos (2012)",
"Adler (1934)",
"Barua (1963)",
"Yanase (1989)",
"Dennis (1980)",
"van Dyke (1978)",
"Collins-Dennis (1975)",
"Dean (1928)",
"Abushammala (2019)",
"ElGenk-Schriener (2017)",
"Srinivasan (1968)",
)
TEXT_TURBULENT_FRICTION = (
"Schmidt (1967)",
"Mori-Nakayama (1965)",
"Ju (2001)",
"Mishra-Gupta (1979)",
"Czop (1994)",
"Prasad (1989)",
"Ali (2001)",
"Guo (2001)",
"Mandal-Nigam (2009)",
"ElGenk-Schriener (2017)",
"Srinivasan (1968)",
"Ito (1959)",
)
TEXT_LAMINAR_HEAT = (
"Schmidt (1967)",
"Xin-Ebadian (1997)",
"Mori-Nakayama (1965)",
"Seban-McLaughlin (1963)",
"Prasad (1989)",
"Kalb-Seader (1972)",
"Dravid (1971)",
"Janssen-Hoogendoorn (1978)",
"Manlapaz-Churchill (1981)",
"Salimpour (2009)",
"Pimenta-Campos (2013)",
"Pawar-Sunnapwar (2013)",
"Hardik (2015)",
"ElGenk-Schriener (2017)",
)
TEXT_TURBULENT_HEAT = (
"Schmidt (1967)",
"Xin-Ebadian (1997)",
"Mori-Nakayama (1965)",
"Seban-McLaughlin (1963)",
"Prasad (1989)",
"Mandal-Nigam (2009)",
"Rogers-Mayhew (1964)",
"Pawar-Sunnapwar (2013)",
"ElGenk-Schriener (2017)",
"Shchukin (1969)",
"Guo (1998)",
"Jayakumar (2008)",
"Yildiz (1997)",
"Wu (2025)",
)
status = 0
msg = ""
kw = {
"methodReCritic": 0,
"methodFrictionLaminar": 0,
"methodFrictionTurbulent": 0,
"methodHeatLaminar": 0,
"methodHeatTurbulent": 0,
"di": 0,
"Dc": 0,
"p": 0,
"MoriSimple": False
}
valueChanged = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
inputChanged = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
@property
def isCalculable(self):
"""Check if all input are defined"""
if not self.kw["di"]:
self.msg = translate("equipment", "undefined internal diameter")
self.status = 0
return False
if not self.kw["Dc"]:
self.msg = translate("equipment", "undefined diameter of helix")
self.status = 0
return False
self.msg = ""
self.status = 1
return True
[docs]
def calculo(self):
"""Definition of twisted tape inserts for annuli sections"""
self.di = self.kw["di"]
self.Dc = self.kw["Dc"]
self.valueChanged.emit(self)
@property
def ReCritical(self):
"""Calculate critical Reynolds number to define transition of regimen
flow from laminar to turbulent"""
if self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 1:
# Schmidt (1967)
Rec = Rec_Schmidt(self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 2:
# Kubair-Kuloor (1966)
Rec = Rec_Kubair(self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 2:
# Srinivasan (1968)
Rec = Rec_Srinivasan(self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 3:
# Kutateladze (1966)
Rec = Rec_Kutateladze(self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 4:
# Seth-Stahel (1969)
Rec = Rec_SethStahel(self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodReCritic"] == 5:
# Cioncolini-Santini (2006)
Rec = Rec_Cioncolini(self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Ito (1959)
Rec = Rec_Ito(self.di, self.Dc)
return Rec
[docs]
def Nu(self, Re, Pr):
"""Calculate nusselt number"""
msg = ""
Rec = self.ReCritical
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
if self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 1:
# Xin-Ebadian (1997)
Nu = Nu_XinEbadian(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 2:
# Mori-Nakayama (1965)
Nu = Nu_MoriNakayama(
Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["MoriSimple"])
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 3:
# Seban-McLaughlin (1963)
Nu = Nu_SebanMcLaughlin(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 4:
# Prasad (1989)
Nu = Nu_Prasad(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 5:
# Kalb-Seader (1972)
Nu = Nu_laminar_KalbSeader(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 6:
# Dravid (1971)
Nu = Nu_laminar_Dravid(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 7:
# Janssen-Hoogendoorn (1978)
f = self.f(Re)
Nu = Nu_laminar_JanssenHoogendoorn(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, f)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 8:
# Manlapaz-Churchill (1981)
Nu = Nu_laminar_ManlapazChurchill(
Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 9:
# Salimpour (2009)
if self.kw["p"]:
Nu = Nu_laminar_Salimpour(
Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
else:
Nu = Nu_Schmidt(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
msg = "Helical pitch undefined, using Schmidt correlation"
msg += "instead."
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 10:
# Pimenta-Campos (2013)
Nu = Nu_laminar_PimentaCampos(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 11:
# Pawar-Sunnapwar (2013)
Nu = Nu_PawarSunnapwar(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 12:
# Hardik (2015)
Nu = Nu_laminar_Hardik(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatLaminar"] == 13:
# ElGenk-Schriener (2017)
Nu = Nu_ElGenkSchriener(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
else:
# Schmidt (1967)
Nu = Nu_Schmidt(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Turbulent flow
if self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 1:
# Xin-Ebadian (1997)
Nu = Nu_XinEbadian(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 2:
# Mori-Nakayama (1965)
Nu = Nu_MoriNakayama(
Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["MoriSimple"])
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 3:
# Seban-McLaughlin (1963)
Nu = Nu_SebanMcLaughlin(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 4:
# Prasad (1989)
Nu = Nu_Prasad(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 5:
# Mandal-Nigam (2009)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_MandalNigam(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 6:
# Rogers-Mayhew (1964)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_RogersMayhew(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 7:
# Pawar-Sunnapwar (2013)
Nu = Nu_PawarSunnapwar(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 8:
# ElGenk-Schriener (2017)
Nu = Nu_ElGenkSchriener(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 9:
# Shchukin (1969)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_Shchukin(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 10:
# Guo (1998)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_Guo(Re, Pr)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 11:
# Jayakumar (2008)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_Jayakumar(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 12:
# Yildiz (1997)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_Yildiz(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodHeatTurbulent"] == 13:
# Wu (2025)
Nu = Nu_turbulent_Wu(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Schmidt (1967)
Nu = Nu_Schmidt(Re, Pr, self.di, self.Dc)
if msg:
self.status = 3
self.msg = translate("equipment", msg)
self.inputChanged.emit(self)
return Nu
[docs]
def f(self, Re):
"""Calculate friction factor"""
msg = ""
Rec = self.ReCritical
if Re < Rec:
# Laminar flow
if self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 1:
# White (1929)
f = f_laminar_White(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 2:
# Mori-Nakayama (1965)
f = f_MoriNakayama(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 3:
# Hart (1988)
f = f_laminar_Hart(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 4:
# Ju (2001)
f = f_Ju(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 5:
# Mishra-Gupta (1979)
f = f_MishraGupta(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 6:
# Manlapaz-Churchill (1980)
f = f_laminar_ManlapazChurchill(
Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
if not self.kw["p"]:
msg = "Helical pitch undefined, using Manlapaz correlation"
msg += "with Dean number"
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 7:
# Prasad (1989)
f = f_Prasad(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 8:
# Liu-Masliyah (1993)
f = f_laminar_LiuMasliyah(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 9:
# Ali (2001)
f = f_Ali(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 10:
# Ito (1969)
f = f_Ito(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 11:
# Tarbell-Samuels (1973)
f = f_laminar_TarbellSamuels(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 12:
# Pimenta-Campos (2012)
f = f_laminar_PimentaCampos(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 13:
# Adler (1934)
f = f_laminar_Adler(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 14:
# Barua (1963)
f = f_laminar_Barua(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 15:
# Yanase (1989)
f = f_laminar_Yanase(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 16:
# Dennis (1980)
f = f_laminar_Dennis(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 17:
# Van Dyke (1978)
f = f_laminar_vanDyke(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 18:
# Collins-Dennis (1975)
f = f_laminar_CollinsDennis(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 19:
# Dean (1928)
try:
f = f_laminar_Dean(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
except ValueError:
f = f_Schmidt(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
msg = "Dean correlation out of range, using Schmidt instead"
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 20:
# Abushammala (2019)
f = f_laminar_Abushammala(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 21:
# ElGenk-Schriener (2017)
f = f_ElGenkSchriener(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionLaminar"] == 22:
# Srinivasan (1968)
f = f_Srinivasan(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Schmidt (1967)
f = f_Schmidt(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Turbulent flow
if self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 1:
# Mori-Nakayama (1965)
f = f_MoriNakayama(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 2:
# Ju (2001)
f = f_Ju(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 3:
# Mishra-Gupta (1979)
f = f_MishraGupta(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 4:
# Czop (1994)
f = f_turbulent_Czop(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 5:
# Prasad (1989)
f = f_Prasad(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 6:
# Ali (2001)
f = f_Ali(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 7:
# Guo (2001)
f = f_turbulent_Guo(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 8:
# Mandal-Nigam (2009)
f = f_turbulent_MandalNigam(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 9:
# ElGenk-Schriener (2017)
f = f_ElGenkSchriener(Re, self.di, self.Dc, self.kw["p"])
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 10:
# Srinivasan (1968)
f = f_Srinivasan(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
elif self.kw["methodFrictionTurbulent"] == 11:
# Ito (1959)
f = f_Ito(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
else:
# Schmidt (1967)
f = f_Schmidt(Re, self.di, self.Dc)
if msg:
self.status = 3
self.msg = translate("equipment", msg)
self.inputChanged.emit(self)
return f
[docs]
class UI_Helical(ToolGui):
"""Helical coil dialog"""
title = translate("equipment", "Use helical coil")
[docs]
def loadUI(self):
"""Add widget"""
self.Entity = Helical()
lyt = self.wdg.layout()
groupMethods = QtWidgets.QWidget()
lytM = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(groupMethods)
lytM.addItem(QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(
20, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed), 1, 0)
lbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.tr("Laminar Flow"))
lbl.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter
| QtCore.Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignVCenter)
lytM.addWidget(lbl, 1, 2)
lbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.tr("Turbulent Flow"))
lbl.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter
| QtCore.Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignVCenter)
lytM.addWidget(lbl, 1, 3)
lytM.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(
self.tr("Friction factor method")), 2, 1)
self.methodFrictionLaminar = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
for method in Helical.TEXT_LAMINAR_FRICTION:
self.methodFrictionLaminar.addItem(method)
self.methodFrictionLaminar.currentIndexChanged.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "methodFrictionLaminar"))
lytM.addWidget(self.methodFrictionLaminar, 2, 2)
self.methodFrictionTurbulent = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
for method in Helical.TEXT_TURBULENT_FRICTION:
self.methodFrictionTurbulent.addItem(method)
self.methodFrictionTurbulent.currentIndexChanged.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "methodFrictionTurbulent"))
lytM.addWidget(self.methodFrictionTurbulent, 2, 3)
lytM.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(
self.tr("Heat transfer method")), 3, 1)
self.methodHeatLaminar = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
for method in Helical.TEXT_LAMINAR_HEAT:
self.methodHeatLaminar.addItem(method)
self.methodHeatLaminar.currentIndexChanged.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "methodHeatLaminar"))
self.methodHeatLaminar.currentTextChanged.connect(self.setVisibleMod)
lytM.addWidget(self.methodHeatLaminar, 3, 2)
self.methodHeatTurbulent = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
for method in Helical.TEXT_TURBULENT_HEAT:
self.methodHeatTurbulent.addItem(method)
self.methodHeatTurbulent.currentIndexChanged.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "methodHeatTurbulent"))
lytM.addWidget(self.methodHeatTurbulent, 3, 3)
lytM.addItem(QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(
10, 10, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed), 4, 1)
lyt.addWidget(groupMethods, 1, 1, 1, 2)
lytH = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
lytH.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(
self.tr("Critical Reynolds correlation")))
self.methodReCritic = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
for method in Helical.TEXT_REYNOLDS_CRITICAL:
self.methodReCritic.addItem(method)
self.methodReCritic.currentIndexChanged.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "methodReCritic"))
lytH.addWidget(self.methodReCritic)
lytH.addItem(QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(
20, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed))
lyt.addLayout(lytH, 2, 1, 1, 2)
lyt.addItem(QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(
20, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Fixed), 3, 1)
lyt.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(self.tr("Pipe internal diameter")), 4, 1)
self.di = Entrada_con_unidades(Length, "PipeDiameter")
self.di.valueChanged.connect(partial(self.changeParams, "di"))
lyt.addWidget(self.di, 4, 2)
lyt.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(self.tr("Helical coil diameter")), 5, 1)
self.Dc = Entrada_con_unidades(Length)
self.Dc.valueChanged.connect(partial(self.changeParams, "Dc"))
lyt.addWidget(self.Dc, 5, 2)
lyt.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel(self.tr("Helical pitch")), 6, 1)
self.p = Entrada_con_unidades(Length)
self.p.valueChanged.connect(partial(self.changeParams, "p"))
lyt.addWidget(self.p, 6, 2)
# Mori-Nakayama additional parameters
self.MoriSimple = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(self.tr(
"Use simple correlation for laminar nusselt number"))
self.MoriSimple.toggled.connect(
partial(self.changeParams, "MoriSimple"))
lyt.addWidget(self.MoriSimple, 7, 1, 1, 2)
self.Entity.valueChanged.connect(self.valueChanged.emit)
self.Entity.inputChanged.connect(self.populate)
self.setVisibleMod()
[docs]
def setVisibleMod(self):
"""Enable widget with special parameters for selected method"""
# Mori-Nakayama
if self.methodHeatLaminar.currentText() == "Mori-Nakayama (1965)":
self.MoriSimple.setVisible(True)
else:
self.MoriSimple.setVisible(False)
[docs]
class Dialog(QtWidgets.QDialog):
"""Component list config dialog"""
[docs]
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle(self.tr("Twisted-tape insert"))
layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
self.datos = UI_Helical()
layout.addWidget(self.datos)
self.buttonBox = QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(
QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Cancel
| QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Ok)
self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(self.accept)
self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(self.reject)
layout.addWidget(self.buttonBox)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Dialog = Dialog()
Dialog.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())
